Examine how globalisation has resulted in winners

Examine how globalisation has resulted in winners and losers (15) Globalisation is the process by which the world is becoming increasingly interconnected as a result of massively increased trade and cultural exchange. Globalisation over the past hundred years has undoubtedly made the world more interconnected including closer societies, politics, economies, cultures and the environment. Globalisation has increased the production of goods and services.There are those who argue that globalisation creates â€Å"winners† and â€Å"losers,† as some ountries prosper, mainly European countries and America, whilst other countries fail to do well. For example, USA and Europe fund their own agricultural industries heavily so less economically developed countries get ‘priced out' of certain markets, even though they should theoretically have an economic advantage, as their wages are lower. The globalisation of economies has resulted in many winners from the developed nations while also improving improved the standard of living in many developing nations.As well as this numerous winners include most western nations, some third orld labourers and international institutions. The globalisation of nation's economies has definitely improved the lives of millions across the planet, in both developed and developing countries. By far the major winner from this process has been the citizens and corporations of developed countries. This is due to many factors that have come to fruition in the later half of the twentieth century.Specifically, the roles of TNC's, global financial institutions and consumerism all have ties to economic globalisation. Despite the criticisms that surround transnational orporations, they have been directly investing in developing countries and with their expansion into these markets, have actually raised the standard of living in many third world countries. An example of a transnational corporation creating winners with the globalisatio n process is McDonalds.This is a major example of globalization in both the economic and cultural sense, with nearly 50 million people around the world being served daily. The primary economic winner in recent times from McDonald's globalisation process has been East Asia, as in 1975 when McDonald's pened it first restaurant in Hong Kong, it brought with it a high standard of professional service and the first restaurant to continually offer a clean eating environment, which customers came to demand from all restaurants later.Another winner of the globalisation process, are the third world workers employed by transnational corporations. Although the western world sees sweatshops as immoral and unethical, the labourers who work in these places are often being paid a higher wage than most of their fellow citizens. This means through the economic lobalisation process and cross border corporations, workers in developing countries have the opportunities to survive and beat the poverty cy cle.While there nave been many winners trom economic globalisation, there nave also been and will continue to be many losers. There have been many losers including most third world countries, the environment and ironically even most western countries. The primary loser from globalisation has been the developing countries, who have supplied the labour and raw material necessary to fuel globalisation. In any third world countries, globalisation has had the negative effect of creating sweatshops, where workers are paid low wages to do hard manual labour in often poor conditions.These sweatshops are run by transnational corporations, that have the aim of minimising costs by taking advantage of the relaxed labour laws often in developing countries. An example of a transnational corporation that uses sweatshops is Nike, as its shoes are made in many Asian countries at a low cost and then sold in western countries for a profit. After the goods are sold and the wages aid, the transnational corporations take any profit made back to their headquarters or home country.This leaves the developing countries in poverty as the workers are being exploited for a minimal wage while the country sees very little of the profits. However, not only are the developing countries affected by economic globalisation, the developed countries that are often at the center of globalisation also experience problems. A major loser that has resulted from the integration of economies specifically in times of economic downturn has been all economies, including both eveloping and developed.It can be seen that the primary losers from economic development are developing countries; however, developed countries can also be losers. Another significant loser from economic globalisation is the environment; this problem affects all countries on the planet and has been getting worse over time. The environment has been abused and neglected since the beginning of the industrial revolution and today is current ly at a precipice. Developed countries are the worst offender when it comes to the abuse of the environment.There are positive aspects of globalisation as seen in developed countries, also now many developing countries are to some degree enjoying the benefits. However, transnational corporations and the developed world are still generally exploiting developing countries. Likewise, the planet's environment is still being expended at a faster rate than it is being replenished or replaced and will surely cause problems for future generations. Therefore, it can be said that the globalisation process of integrating nation's economies has had both positive and negative effects on the world.

Eleanor Rigby Literary Analysis Essay

In the song â€Å"Eleanor Rigby† by The Beatles, there is a lonely, sad woman who dies and is readily forgotten as she has nobody to care about her. How many people do we see out on the street that will just become â€Å"another dead body?† Eleanor Rigby really puts this into perspective that there are lonely people in this world living their lives serving others without being acknowledged. Eleanor is waiting for someone, but she is scarred in her heart by her lonely life. Sadly enough, she is an afterthought even in her death, as Father McKenzie writes her sermon in his socks, late at night. The theme of the song is that keeping the up the illusion isn’t always worth it. The literary devices demonstrating this theme are allegory, repetition, and imagery. An allegory is symbolic narrative details that can sometimes imply another meaning. There are many examples of this in the song. In the line, â€Å"Eleanor Rigby picks up the rice in the church where a wedding has been. Lives in a dream,† The Beatles display a good example of allegory. The church in the song is very symbolic for life and death for many reasons. There is a mention of a wedding in this line and in some cultures a wedding is known as the celebration of life, however in the end Eleanor Rigby dies, thus being the opposite of life, instead she represents death. This allegory relates to the theme because it shows that Eleanor Rigby lives her life working in a church, attending weddings and working to bring life and happiness to others. She is living what everybody else considers the dream, but in reality she is a sad, lonely person. She keeps up the illusion of being happy and everyone believes her, however in the end she dies unremembered. Another representation of the theme is repetition. In the lines, â€Å"All the lonely people, where do they all come from? All the lonely people, where do they all belong? Ah, look at all the lonely people. Ah, look at all the lonely people† The Beatles use the repetition of â€Å"lonely† to drive in the main message of the song. Saying that Eleanor Rigby is living the dream can be deceiving to listeners but by the repetition of â€Å"lonely† they make it clear that underneath the faà §ade of grandeur, there is a bleak undertone. This is a fantastic example of use of repetition to convey the theme because The Beatles make the whole song an illusion except for the chorus in which â€Å"lonely† is continuously repeated and in the end Eleanor Rigby dies, proving without a doubt that the illusion wasn’t worth it. One of the most prominent literary devices in the poem is imagery. The Imagery  is used to show exactly how much of an illusion Eleanor is living. In the line, â€Å"Waits at the window, wearing the face that she keeps in a jar by the door† It is very easy to imagine somebody literally keeping a head or face in some type of liquid in a jar to be put on when necessary. This line is actually not meant to be taken quite so literally. This face in the jar is probably the face that she puts on to look beautiful, the jar being the makeup jar from which the face comes. She disguises her sadness and her longing with the face by her window. She doesn’t literally put on a mask or someone else’s face, but she puts on a face to fit society. This example of imagery fits the theme because Eleanor Rigby wears face so that no one can see the loneliness and emptiness that she feels. It is a false impression that she is giving to everyone that she sees, it is nothing but an illusion. As Eleanor Rigby dies at the end of the song, it is clear that the illusion of happiness wasn’t worth keeping since nobody even remembered her. The very apparent theme in the song is loneliness. Eleanor Rigby was very lonely although she never let on and thinking she was well off and happy, nobody else ever thought to pity her or pay her attention. In the song, Father McKenzie wipes the dirt from burying Eleanor off of his hands. Wiping the dirt from your hands is a phrase often used to illustrate that you are going to get rid of something and forget about it. It is clear that the minister just wants to forget about Eleanor and take care of his own problems, thinking she lived a good life, he is impartial. Through the use of allegory, repetition, and imagery The Beatles paint a mesmerizing tale of the false life a woman lives to keep up the illusion of happiness, all for naught.

Peer Evaluations in Enhancing Written and Oral Communication Essay

Communicative practices such as writing and reading are important components in the facilitation of education and learning. For educators, they must realize the relative importance of these communication practices for they are vital in the enhancement of learning. One way to address this is by creating peer review mechanisms. Though such may prove to be an important component in the facilitation of education, there are cultural impediments that continue to surround the facilitation of peer evaluations. â€Å"When we deal with English-as-a-second-language students, cultural factors may influence both the operation and outcomes of peer response groups. † (Nelson, 1997, p. 78) By being constantly aware of these issues, one can create effective peer evaluation mechanism that is free from cultural bias and prejudice. A collective action and approach must be created by instructors and teachers to address such problem. â€Å"To maintain the group cohesion and harmonious interpersonal communications interpersonal relations valued by collectivist cultures, collectivists use indirect means of communicating messages that may otherwise be disruptive to the group. † (Nelson, 1997, p. 82) Thus, giving of vital information is an important tool and component in the overall facilitation of peer evaluations in enhancing communication practices. â€Å"By being informed of cultural differences in communication, they may be better able to interpret the feedback they receive from the English-as-the-second-language students and also better able to provide these students with effective feedback. † (Nelson, 1997, p. 83) Enhancing the Writing Skills Effectiveness in writing is one facet that students must acquire in school as it is vital in the overall communication process not only in the educational sector but in different aspects of society. By enhancing such skills, an international student can be fit and remained at level with native speakers of the language. The main barrier and impediment in such scenario is the lack of expertise in the local and native language. The study of Koffolt and Holt showcases several important mechanisms that can improve writing skills of international students. The article seeks to showcase how teachers can be a vital part in the overall facilitation of efficient writing among students. By doing these, students can get the development in the realm of writing. â€Å"Teachers who play a more active role in guiding their students through the entire writing process of gathering ideas, organizing, drafting, and revising can help students produce writing that is thoughtful, coherent, and polished. † (Koffolt and Holt, 1997, p. 53) By providing several important measures that a teacher must consider is an important process to guide students in the overall facilitation of improving writing capabilities. One important method is by creating feedbacks on writing works by international students. By doing this, the student can actively assess his/her standing as far as competency in writing is concerned. The creation of a feedback system â€Å"gives them the opportunity to correct deficiencies in content, language and style. † (Koffolt and Holt, 1997, p. 54) For the part of instructors, there must be an active collaboration with an international student as far as writing is concerned. The instructor must recognize the relative challenges that an international student may face during the course of writing. That is why it is essential for the teacher to actively create writing strategies that will help improve the overall capacity of the student to write. However, the teacher must recognize that the process of such endeavor is not easy. â€Å"Writing is seldom a linear activity, and it is common for writers to go back and forth among different steps of the writing process as they complete a major writing task. † (Koffolt and Holt, 1997, p. 56)

Nutritional protocol for hypothyroidism Research Paper

Nutritional protocol for hypothyroidism - Research Paper Example Based on reliable clinical studies and experience of the medical experts on the field, he or she points out the array of nutritional factors that may affect thyroid functions as to lead the readers in making informed choices in their pursuit for a problem-free thyroid and in the end live healthily. Pathology and Etiology The thyroid gland which is located in front of the neck, is the particular body part central to the study of hypothyroidism. However, some cases are due to the malfunctions in the pituitary gland or in the hypothalamus. The most common cause of hypothyroidism all over the world is iodine deficiency -- prevalent among impoverished nations. A number of women develop hypothyroidism after pregnancy, called postpartum thyroiditis (Lowrance 15). Other common causes include congenital or birth defects, radiation treatments targeted in the neck area which may damage the thyroid gland, radioactive iodine used in treating hyperactive thyroid and surgical operations on the thyr oid gland (Koumourou 53). Certain substances such as amiodarone, lithium, methimazole, propylthiouracil and ultimately excessive amounts of radiation precipitate hypothyroidism. People over 50 years old and mostly female have high-risk determinants to develop such disease (Pratt and Levy 22). Thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) are the hormones that account for the total thyroid hormones that flow in the bloodstream. These hormonal constituents maintain biological activities in the body that affect the metabolism of cells. When these processes are disrupted, then the anatomical regularities will also be disturbed that may lead to the following symptoms: sensitivity to cold, joint or muscle pain, fatigue and weakness, constipation, brittle hair or fingernails, pale and dry skin, weight gain, and depression. If left untreated, late manifestations such as thickening of the skin, thinning of bodily hair, slow speech, hoarseness, and decreased sense of taste and smell will occur (Fe nton 26-30). Myxedema coma, the most serious form of hypothyroidism though rare, can result in death for people who remain untreated. Dietary Restrictions Laboratory tests and medical examinations are required to know exactly what type of hormonal malfunctions or thyroid defects are suffered by the patient. Whether it is autoimmune thyroiditis or hypothalamic disease or just a severe case of iodine deficiency, diagnosis is needed in order to establish the most appropriate and efficacious nutritional protocol (Rubin 70). With the exception of certain conditions, the treatment of hypothyroidism necessitates a life-long medical attention and care. The commonest procedure focuses on hormonal replacement using Levothyroxime, however, clinical studies and experience show that the dietary intake of those with hypothyroidism is also a determining factor in the alleviation or in the worsening of the disorder (Hueston 1718). Because hypothyroidism slows down the metabolic process, knowledge o n what to eat and how to eat is pivotal for those who have the disease (Ain and Rosenthal 258). Goitrogens, or foods containing enzymes which catapults the growth of goiter, block the absorption of iodine in the thyroid gland and may disable thyroid functions, should be religiously avoided. Soya, cassava,

Paris Adult Theatre v. Slaton Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Paris Adult Theatre v. Slaton - Assignment Example To prove the seriousness of the matter, the complainant claimed that the films were contrary to section 26-2101 of the Georgia code, since their main themes were extremely immoral, and had negative impacts on the society and too openly addressed matters of sex (Cornell University Law School). The language of 26-2101 considered intentional distribution of obscene materials as a crime, and therefore provided criminal penalties to anyone found doing the same. However, these proceedings did not, in any way, base its arguments on that precedence. The state used a non-statutory civil proceeding to prove the materials as obscene and thereafter disapprove of their presentation to the public. The parties agreed that they would accept the court’s ruling, on the obscenity, as penultimate. However, the state did not say whether it would place a criminal action against the defendant if the obscenity of the films would be proven (Cornell University Law School). The hearing was set for January 13, 1971 by the trial court after receiving the complaints. As a result, the court ordered the defendants not to interfere with the films or even remove them from the jurisdiction. They were, however, not ordered to stop showing the films to the public. During the proceedings, the trial court watched the films and heard the testimonies from various witnesses. In addition, the court accepted photographs with outside look of the theatre. The witnesses confirmed that the theatre had the signs â€Å"Adults Only,† â€Å"You Must Be 21 and Able to Prove It,† and â€Å"If the Nude Body Offends You, Do Not Enter,† written on its exterior. The designs did not provide any further information on the contents of these films, and there were no pictures to entice the public to the films. No witness claimed to have seen any minor in the premise, even though there was no evidence that the

John Marshall and Judicial Review Research Paper

John Marshall and Judicial Review - Research Paper Example Rather, Britain adheres the principle of parliamentary supremacy which gives the Crown and Parliament [House of Lords and House of Commons after the 1832 Reform Act3] the right to make laws. These laws followed the ultra vires rule and once a given situation fell under the scope of a law enacted by Parliament, it had to be obeyed without question4. Britain remained in this situation until the mid-1900s where the House of Lords was allowed to review cases that contained inherent legal disputes that could not be handled by the courts5. However, one of the landmark changes that the independence of the United States brought was the creation of an independent Judiciary that is headed by a Supreme Court which was meant to act as an independent branch of government with the power to control the two other arms of government6. The landmark ruling that established the precedence of Judicial Review was issued by Justice John Marshall in 1803 when he ruled on the case of Marbury V Madison7. This paper examines the ruling of this landmark case in US legal history and its role in establishing the principle of Judicial Review which subsists to this

Mary Rowlandson captiviity narrative vs. Douglas slave narrative Research Paper

Mary Rowlandson captiviity narrative vs. Douglas slave narrative - Research Paper Example the most famous and moving of a number of narratives written by former slaves, in factual detail describes the events of his life as a slave and thereafter. Both works are considered influential in early American literature. Analyzing the two, one sees that what at first appears to be a connection bound by the notion of captivity, that connection is well superseded by the very different personal and overall goals of the writers. .. a single individual, usually a woman, [who] stands passively under the strokes of evil, awaiting rescue by the grace of God. The sufferer represents the whole, chastened body of Puritan society; and the temporary bondage of the captive to the Indian is dual paradigm-- of the bondage of the soul to the flesh and the temptations arising from original sin, and of the self-exile of the English Israel from England. In the Indians devilish clutches, the captive had to meet and reject the temptation of Indian marriage and/or the Indians "cannibal" Eucharist. To partake of the Indians love or of his equivalent of bread and wine was to debase, to un-English the very soul. The captives ultimate redemption by the grace of Christ and the efforts of the Puritan magistrates is likened to the regeneration of the soul in conversion. The ordeal is at once threatful of pain and evil and promising of ultimate salvation. Through the captives proxy, the promise of a similar salvation could be offere d to the faithful among the reading public, while the captives torments remained to harrow the hearts of those not yet awakened to their fallen nature. (Stokes 94) Narratives of slavery, such as that written by Frederick Douglass, recounted the personal experiences of ante-bellum African Americans who had escaped from slavery and found their way to safety in the North. Employing the tradition of the captivity narrative, narratives of slavery were similarly reliant on Biblical references and imagery. Differing in context, however, they were replete with

Make up a topic for me Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Make up a topic for me - Essay Example Before the Han dynasty, there were very few sculptures and painting in China. Sculptures were introduced after the arrival of Buddhism in China. Decorations were mainly in two dimensions. At first, the curving of sculptures was restricted to animal figures. Sculptures of human were made after the 1 century and were at first limited to sculptures of Buddha and ceremonies related to Buddhism (Bushell, 154). This paper looks at how Buddhism influenced the development of art in China by using a few examples. There are several paintings that have been drawn by Chinese artists of Buddha and various monks. Moreover, there is painting that tells stories adopted from the Buddhist religion. An example is the drawing of Buddha on the wall of the temple meant for Jiankang by the famous Chinese artist of the Jin dynasty Gu Kaizhi (Williams & Barrow, 54). Buddhism led to the development of the painting of the human figure. The led to the development of a new genre called â€Å"Renwu†: the h uman figure genre which is one of the 4 disciplines in Chinese art. This led to the development of great painters of portrait who gained their fame status by painting Buddhist figure, Buddha and Bodhisattvas. Some of these great artists include Wie Xie of the 4th century, Gu Kaizhi (346-405 AD) and Sengyao (6th century AD) among other contemporary artists (Williams & Terence, 320). Painting of portraits wee guided by the 6 principles developed by Xie He  which he codified by following the Indian rules of painting. â€Å"Lohan seated in a tree† is an example of a painting from the Ming dynasty is an example of a painting that has been greatly influenced by Buddhism. It was painted by Ding Ynpeng and is one of the earliest Chinese paintings showing a Buddhist monk in a tree. This painting is different from other Chinese paintings of the 13th century as it is displayed in bright color showing vitality and liveliness. This is because Lohan means enlightened being and the painte r clearly shows this theme. An important thing to observe about these painting is that although the dead were originally from India, the Chinese artists have made their own modifications and innovations that make the images to be more authentic (Kieschnick, 140). From the 1st century to the 18th century, Chinese artists have continued to depart from the original Indian principles of painting to a new style that is unique to china. Studying of the Chinese sculpture of Liao dynasty (907-1125) is important because they are the type that is mostly found in international museums around the world such as America, British and Asian museums. The art from this era were predominantly Buddhist. In the western Capital of Liao, there are three monuments made of sculptures of the rules of this generation. Observing the sculpture closely one can observe that the artists borrowed a lot from the sculptures of Bodhisattvas who are people who endeavor to become Buddha (Williams & Terence, 378). For in stance, there is a halo surrounding the head of the sculptures. Moreover, the sculptures have other features that were common in the representation of the Buddhist deities and include jewelry, costumes and crowns. The 292 Dunhuang caves are the perfect representation of Buddhist influence on Chinese art. The first Dunhuang cave was developed by a Buddhist monk in the third century and it was called â€Å"

The Failing Popularity of Jimmy Carter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Failing Popularity of Jimmy Carter - Essay Example Divisions in the Democratic Party arose over the direction of domestic policy and split party unity. A divisive Democratic primary between Carter and challenger Ted Kennedy (Dem, MA.) left the campaign in disarray. According to Hamilton Jordan, Carter's chief political advisor, the Democratic outlook was "...not enhanced or strengthened by the contest, but damaged severely" (qtd. in Biven). Yet, against this backdrop of failure and frustration, even darker clouds had gathered. By July 1980, Carter's approval rating had dropped to 21%, lower than Richard Nixon's at the time of his resignation. This dramatic drop was precipitated by two key events. America's runaway inflation and the Iran hostage ordeal had taken a heavy toll on America's confidence in the Carter presidency. There is an old political saying that says Americans vote with their pocketbooks. This was certainly true in the 1980 reelection bid of Jimmy Carter. Rampant inflation had severely reduced wage earners purchasing power throughout the Carter years. Carter opposed Gerald Ford in the presidential race of 1976 during one of our history's greatest economic slumps. During the campaign Carter had criticized Ford for his inability to deal with inflation and unemployment. When Carter was inaugurated in 1977, the country was beginning to show some signs of improvement. However, after four years of Carter's administration inflation had risen from 4.8% in 1976 to 12% at the time of the 1980 election (Huckshorn). Inflation, the public's measure of the economy, was rooted in Carter's inability to deal with major economic issues. Carter, had a long-term vision for energy policy, but was ineffective at dealing with America's immediate need for oil during his short term as President. OPEC's tight control of the oil market had boosted prices and in the period from 1978 to1979 oil prices nearly doubled (Williams). Not coincidentally the national deficit was also rising at record rates. America's debt resulted in further erosion of the dollar on the international market. These economic forces conspired to send inflation to a lofty 20% in January and February of 1980 (Biven). Though consumers probably suffered less than was conventionally believed, the overriding shadow of the double-digit inflation rate in the daily papers dashed any hope Carter had for reelection. While faced with growing domestic discontent, Carter was presented with what became the most overpowering and difficult problem of his presidency, the Iranian hostage crises. In November 1979, militant Iranian students took control of the American Embassy in Tehran and took American diplomats and others hostage while demanding the return of the previously overthrown Shah .The hostages were released in January 1981, after being held for 444 days, but the damage to Carter had already been done. The fate of the hostages and the ever-present news broadcasts magnified the inability of the Carter administration's incompetence in handling the crisis. A failed rescue attempt and general frustration added to the public's eroding approval of the President's performance. Carter's popularity continued downward as the election was held and Carter was handed defeat at the hands of Ronald Reagan. Carter's administration was working behind the scenes to free the hostages,

The Gramscian approach to understanding civil society and how this Essay

The Gramscian approach to understanding civil society and how this might be relevant to how the world bank works with NGOs through its lending programme - Essay Example The Civil Society Unit of the Bank is directly charged with overseeing the carrying out of the Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and related projects. This report is compiled on behalf of the unit with the aim of shedding some light on what considerations and choices are made in conceptualizing such projects. The unit believes that whereas some of the concerns leveled at the Bank are genuine and well founded, the vast majority of them are based on lack of information on the theoretical framework of carrying out the projects (The World Bank, 2005, 4). The main approach used by the Bank in dealing with civil society in general is grounded on the Gramscian approach originally postulated by Italian scholar Antonio Gramsci. This paper aims at shedding light on this approach so as to allay some of the criticisms that may be based on misinformation about the approach. The post Marxist or Gramscian approach to the understanding of civil society is grounded in the works of sociology scholars Karl Marx, Georg Hegel and Gramsci. It came up in opposing response to the liberal democratic approach which was mainly propagated by philosopher Alexis de Tocqueville. Both approaches aimed at explaining the nature and role of civil society. The development of civil society dates back to Roman Empire in which it was known by the Latin term societas civilis. The term refers to the range of organizations, groupings and societies that operate outside the formal government. They include registered NGOs and more informal groupings such as pressure groups and other small movements (Mcllwaine, 2007, p 5). According to Liberal Democratic Approach proposed by Tocqueville and others, Civil Society is a mainly autonomous sphere of liberty incorporating an organizational culture that morphs into both political and economic democracy. It is therefore a productive force and a useful

Unit 5 discussion board Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Unit 5 discussion board - Essay Example In 2002, 70% of the notebook PCs sold were offered with a rebate and the concept seems simple enough (McGinn, 2003). Buy a $1000 notebook and save $200 after filling in the required paperwork, sending it into a third party processing center, and waiting the required number of weeks for your check to arrive. This is a great deal for the manufacturer as they have sold you a PC that was on sale for $800 and then asked you to loan them $200 for a couple of months. No interest is offered, and there is a risk that you may never see your money. Manufacturers rely on human nature to misplace the paperwork, send it in incomplete, or forget it ever existed. For the people that do get the rebate, they merely break even. The sellers have increased cash flow and sold a number of their products at $200 above market value. These practices are as deceptive as a carnival shell game and could have a negative effect on a companys reputation Whether a consumer will even apply for the rebate is largely determined by the amount being offered. While cosmetics that offer $1 back may go discarded, more expensive items will naturally get a better response. However, even on high-dollar electronics the rates can be surprisingly low. Timothy Silk, a University of Florida researcher, found, "...redemption rates, even on larger-ticket purchases such as computers and televisions, are well below 50 percent" (Keen, 2004). Networking accessories manufacturer Asante Technologies sees an even lower response rate. Jim Hsia, vice president of marketing says, "the typical redemption rate for his companys products hovers between 2 and 15 percent" (Millard, 2003). Most people will never see a rebate. In new car sales, rebates can work against the automakers intentions. A consumer electronics rebate can be used to attract attention to an item and create store traffic. However, on an expensive purchase such as a new car, the customer sees the rebate as part

Affects of Westernization on Youth and Culture Essay Example for Free

Affects of Westernization on Youth and Culture Essay Youth are the back bone to a nation. The young generation occupies a special place in a society. They can change the future of the society with their spirited behavior. In a broader sense, the future of any society depends on the youth. The youth are ready to adapt changes because they are young, in search of truth and they are open to different ideas. Young people have better concentrating span contrary to old ones and that is how changes are brought in a society. All societies pay special attention to the youth. The youth acts as the motivating force of revolution. No revolution can be successful without the efforts of youth in a course of action. Their youthful energy enables them to perform great in every field and enables them to be innovative and skillful. Culture is the complete range of learned human behavior patterns. It includes a set of Customs, beliefs, and traditions. Culture is also shaped by Religion, language, festivals, dress, arts and craft. Culture is passed down from generation to generation. Youth of a society preserves its culture. All Cultures are naturally prone to change and, at the same time, to resist change. There are three general sources of influence that are responsible for both change and resistance to it: Forces at work within a society, Contact between societies and Changes in the natural environment. Within a society, processes leading to change include invention and culture loss. Inventions may be either technological or ideological. Technological inventions include new tools, energy sources, and transportation methods. Culture loss is an unavoidable result of old cultural patterns being replaced by new ones. For example, not many Pakistanis today know how to care for a horse. A century ago, this was common knowledge among many people because buggies and horse-riding were the only means of transportation. Since then, vehicles with internal combustion engines have replaced horses and horse care knowledge lost its importance. As a result, children are rarely taught these skills. Instead, they are trained in the use of the new technologies of automobiles, televisions, cellular phones, computers, and iPods. The processes leading to change that occur as a result of contact between societies are diffusion, acculturation and transculturation. Diffusion is the movement of things and ideas from one culture to another. When diffusion occurs, the form of a trait may move from one society to another but not its original cultural meaning. Acculturation is what happens to an entire culture when unfamiliar traits diffuse in on a large scale and significantly replace traditional cultural patterns. Transculturation is what happens to an individual when he or she moves to another society and adopts its culture. The word westernization is defined as â€Å"The social process of becoming familiar with or converting to the customs and practices of Western civilization†. The youth of Pakistan is talented and dedicated. Unfortunately, the youth today is involved in activities which are neither useful to them nor the nation. All that keeps them busy during the day are games, TV shows, movies and socializing with their peers which these days, is commonly called â€Å"hanging out†. At night, they’re busy chatting on the internet, listening to music, attending late night parties and some are even involved in illegal activities like smoking and drinking. They have no vision and instead of improving themselves or doing something productive, they choose to waste their time. All this is because of westernization of youth in Pakistan. Over the past decade, the youth of Pakistan has been adversely affected by western culture. A significant change has been observed in the culture of Pakistan. Many regional rituals have either been forgotten or replaced by western rituals; young people prefer western attire over national dress, fast food is preferred over regional food, family values are not practiced the way they used to, dating has become very common and violent behavior has become a trend among youngsters. In such a situation, culture cannot be passed on in its original form; it would rather be modified or to be more specific, westernized.

Ethics As Applied To Pain Management

Ethics As Applied To Pain Management Critically evaluate the available evidence regarding the justice beliefs in context of chronic low pain in terms of Mrs. Alices case study. Introduction The relief of pain is a core ethical duty in medicine(Johnson2007, P.1). There are many ethical issues associates with pain management. So it is important that the health care professionals should understand the ethical principles, which may help to deal with problem effectively, (Please appendix: 3 for principles of ethics related to medical practice). The people in the world have different views related to justice and injustice. They could describe numbers of examples of injustice and justice which might drawn from personnel experience or from the society .It is interesting to know that most people tend to uphold a the view of justice beliefs in the world that isthey live in a world where people generally get what they deserve, Lerner and Millier (1978,p.1030), Haferand Begue(2005). The justice beliefs are individually associated with psychological adjustment and it could be a reflection on objective assessments of the justice received by other human beings, Sutton et al.(2008) The multifaceted nature of chronic pain is influenced by pain beliefs Sloan et al. (2008). McParland and Knussen (2010) reported that a justice belief also has influence in experience of chronic pain and pain behaviors. The people who have justice belief s are motivated to belief that the world operates in a fair and legitimate manner (Sutton et al.2008), and they will be able to pursuits long-term goals and maintain physical and psychological well being,( Kathleen and Claudia 2005;Laurin et al.2011;Dalbert 2002). The human perceive injustice when they expose to a situation primarily characterised by violation from human rights or to challenge the just world beliefs. Fetchenhauer and Huang(2004). 2. Aims of the assignment The assignment aimed to explore the available evidence regarding the impact of justice beliefs in chronic pain sufferers and their reaction to injustice based on Mrs. Alices Case study. The assignment also aimed to evaluate the evidences on ethic principles. Case study Mrs. Alice is a 39-year old nurse, mother of two, who has been suffering from low back pain for last two years. The patient has no specific medical history. She attended the general practice in past in intermittent bouts. She was taking analgesics that did not make any difference for her pain. The x-ray was normal. She has been subjected to persistent suspicions of malingering from doctors and employers, as she has no objective finding. Mrs Alice currently presenting with the statement that everyone misunderstood my pain as moaning but I am in pain, might be they didnt understand me properly 3. Search Strategy A literature search was done using Science direct, pub med, google scholar, Medline, Ovid for relevant studies done in past 5 years. But this assignment only included one quote from 1978, which is relevant for this review. The key words included for the search were justice beliefs, injustice, justice, pain, pain management, chronic pain, unfairness and combination of these words. The search was limited to studies conducted in human beings and published in English. There was lack of literature regarding chronic back pain to assess the influence of injustice and justice beliefs. Hence searches were extended to other chronic pain conditions. Each of the papers were analysed for validity and rigour according to the framework given by (Rees 1997, cited in Taylor 2009). See appendix 2. The strength of evidence was established using the Hierarchies of evidence framework Dawson (2004). See appendix 1. 4. Literature Review McParland and Knussen (2010) conducted a cross sectional questionnaire design to find out the impact of general and personal beliefs to moderate psychological distress in the experience of chronic pain. The study was conducted in support groups, from national chronic pain organisation in Scotland. The recruited participants were from arthritis and fibromyalgia groups and they were asked to complete the questionnaires. The findings from the study suggests that strong general justice belief is beneficial for psychological well being in the context of chronic pain and it helps cope with pain intensity and disability. Table:1 McParland and Knussen (2010,p. 72) The study used reliable self-report questionnaires to collect data from samples. See appendix 5 for questionnaires used in the study. The use of reliable tools for the study could the increase the internal validity of the study and maximizes the value of the results. The conducted study was using the samples from National chronic pain organization in Scotland so the beliefs could be influenced by cultural and educational factors of the area. The beliefs could differ in different ethnic populations Sloan et al. (2008). As the study was conducted in United Kingdom the results would be more applicable for clinical practice for this country. There are some weak points for this study as mentioned the questionnaires wre given to interested patients from the group. This might attract samples that have strong personal and general beliefs into the study. This way of sample recruitment might bias the result and affect the validity. The sample was collected from community support groups of arthritis and fibromyalgia where they receive personal and social support from health professionals. This could be argued that these patients might already affect psychosocial distress because of their condition. Mcparland and Knussen (2010) that people experience less psychosocial distress when they hold strong personal beliefs. So there could be a chance for bias in sample selection that affects the validity of the study results. The accuracy of the completed questionnaires is uncertain as participants might already suffer psychological distress or pain. The self-report questionnaires could naturally bias the persons feeling at the time the y complete the questionnaire as the participants were requested to complete and return the questionnaire by post. It would be better if the researcher asked to complete the questionnaires in a controlled time and site. This method biases the data collection and could affect the validity and reliability of the result. More over the researcher and assistant met the participants to introduce the study and given contact details. So the study was not blinded. According to just world theory the people who has strong belief just world will be motivated to defend their belief when they encounter any evidence of injustice McParland (2011). They might find a positive explanation for injustice that is occurred and blame themselves. The reviewed study also agreed that justice beliefs in the recruited sample helped to cope with pain intensity and disability. Mrs Alice believed that she would receive a fair approach from health professionals but she experienced unfairness and injustice with the treatment. It is interesting to note that the way she tried to defend her feeling they didnt understand me properly. The reaction with injustice might not be the same in chronic pain sufferers. The chronic pain sufferer who perceives injustice or unfairness can influence their physical and mental health. This is also proposed in Perceived Unfairness Model, Jackson et al. (2006). See appendix 4 for perceived unfairness model. The recurrent episodes of perceiving unfairness (ie. Micro Agressions) can be coupled with helplessness, lack of control and compromise to physical health, (Jackson et al. 2006; Zempsky 2009). Sullivan et al. 2008; Sullivan et al.2009 also reported that perceived injustice has an impact on pain severity in samples after muskuloskeletal injury. Based on hierarchy of evidence the strength of evidence achieved for this is level 2b. So there is a need for further stronger studies to elucidate the role of justice beliefs in psychological distress, pain variables and disability. McParland et al. (2010) conducted a study to investigate the impact of justice and injustice in context of everyday life of a chronic pain sufferer. The samples from general practice recognized chronic pain as a major problem in United Kingdom. The participants recruited from different socio-economic areas upper (n=5), middle (=4), lower (n=6) to explore the impact of justice and injustice from different viewpoint. The study examined injustice related concepts like fairness, deservingness and entitlement. The finding from the study is presented in Table 2. Table:2 The main findings from McParland et al. (2010) -The justice related issues in chronic pain sufferer influenced by their social and personnel concerns and needs. -The concepts fairness, deservingness, entitlement of was dominated in participants and reflected in terms of distributive justice prin ­ciples equality and need. -The middle and lower socio economic class samples presented with egotistic construction of justice in terms of equality and need. -The chronic pain appeared as a social problem as much as a medical problem This study was conducted, as a semi-structured interview by the interviewer, which could perceive appropriate feelings of the participants that may not be possible in self-report questionnaire. It is worth mentioning that the study carefully examined the mental status of the participants and ensured the appropriateness of samples for interview. The justice beliefs, psychological distress and pain variables are interrelated McParland and Knussen (2010). Choosing the appropriate study sample is essential to achieve accurate and trusted study results. The sample size of this study was small (n=15) would affect the validity of the study. More over the recruited sample were between ages 18-65. McParland and Knussen (2010) reported that people get strong personal and general beliefs when they get older. So inclusion of these age groups (18-65) could affect the rigor of the study and validity of result. The study was exploring the ideas of injustice in chronic sufferer based on their socio-economic classes. The chronic pain sufferers from different socio-economic classes evaluated injustice based on their on social concerns and needs. The sample response highlighted that chronic pain sufferers are facing social issues which might due to injustice, that could contributing to their chronic nature of pain. So chronic pain should consider as a social problem as much as medical problem. Social issues can cause chronic pain or chronic pain can cause social issues. The heath care professionals can play a role to minimize the injustice from medical filed and they also can play a role to minimize the chronic pain too. McParland et al. (2010) highlighted that chronic pain sample experienced social issues due to injustice. In Mrs. Alice case she has the right to get appropriate treatment but her autonomy has been removed and felt unfairness. The experience of unfairness and unrelieved pain would make an impact of her family finance and employment. These factors also costs disability care and benefit system. So there is a need to uphold ethic principle, which is the duty of care to protect the patient from harm (Non-maleficence). The appropriate pain management respects the ethic principles, which included autonomy, non-maleficence, fairness and duty of care. McParland and Knussen (2009) presented a research report after conducted a second phase for the above study, which aimed to explore the justice related concept in chronic pain using Q methodology. The sample included chronic pain sufferers (n=33), spouses (n=9), health professional lecturers (n=15) and members of public (n=22). The participants are provided a grid with 47 comments ranging from +5 to -5. See appendix 5 for grid. In Q factor analysis eigen values >1 represented participants with similar concepts about injustice related to chronic pain. This study analyse six factors with eigen value >1. See table 3 for analysed factors. Participants expressed concepts of injustice in related to chronic pain in terms of blame, victimisation and perceive neglect of need after Q factor analysis. Table:3 McParland and Knussen (2009,p.1-4) The factors emerged after Q factor analysis 1) Pain is normal. Its not about injustice 2) Pain is awful. Its societys fault 3) Chronic pain is not your fault, but it is your responsibility to address it 4) Its not fair. There should be a cure for pain 5) If you are unlucky enough to suffer chronic pain, you deserve help 6) There is hope that the injustice of chronic pain will be rectified . There are some good points about this study. The statistical analysis was presented in a clear and meaningful way. The study used Q methodology, which assess the subjective viewpoints effectively like life experience, stress, satisfaction etc. , Noori (2008). So the Q methodology was an appropriate method to find the participants view about injustice that increases internal validity and maximise the result strength for the study. One of the weak points in this study was that the chance of selection bias as the study sample was recruited from primary, secondary care, support group and public from United Kingdom. The method of sample selection might extract data based on nations culture and beliefs. The beliefs could be influence by cultural and educational factors, also differ in different ethnic populations Sloan et al. (2008). Thus recruiting sample from specific population could limit extrapolating the results into general population. But will promote applicability of this study to UK population. The chronic pain sufferer from the study sample expressed concepts regarding injustice as blame victimisation and perceived neglect of need. McParland and Knussen (2009) reported that the sufferers perceived injustice when they perceived something wrong, might be about pain or related to pain management or lack of acceptance from society or influence pain in everyday life. Miler (2001) also reported that people perceives injustice when they go through sufferings that would originate from an undeserved manner. The reflection of this statement could find from Mrs. Alices case when she perceived unfairness in her treatment. The life with chronic pain may lead to significant loss to finance, employment and independence (Harris Barton 2003). These losses can be permanent or temporary, Evans et al. (2001). Its a human tendency that putting blame on others when they feel a discrepancy in their life. The chronic pain sufferer who blames others for their situation could experience more depression, stress and weak response to treatment, Sullivan et al. (2008). Sullivan et al. (2008) also reported that when chronic pain patients perceive injustice they may focus on injustice happened rather than their treatment or rehabilitation processes. According to hierarchy of evidence used in this assignment, this research report achieved level 2c. This research is still continuing, awaiting more interpretation and analysis related to concepts of injustice among chronic pain sufferers. In future more evidence-based studies should be considered to revel the complex nature of injustice in chronic pain sufferers. Zempsky (2009) presented an article, which was reinforcing the importance of fostering trust and justice in the treatment of chronic pain conditions. The article discussed a case of a 19-year-old man with sickle cell disease presented with progressive leg and back pain. The patient appeared in emergency department with pan score 9-10 but appeared in a relax manner. He was using headphone and singing songs. The perceived disbelief by clinical staff sent him into waiting room and received requested dose of morphine with doubt and disdain after several hours. In this case the clinical staff stigmatised the patient as a drug seeker or drug abuser and neglected the intensity of pain. The patient who is in pain expects justice and fairness with their treatment, where they could express their problem. They anticipate that the health care staff will listen, understand, treat with empathy and approach them in a non-judgemental way, Serpell(2011). When patients feel injustice, the situation ca n link with psychological and physical abnormalities. In case of chronic pain perceived injustice can leads to stress severe pain and disability, Zempsky (2009). This article emphasized that pain is an individual experience, which a person sometimes not able to express as well as they felt. There are chances for underestimating pain by health professionals even tough patients express the pain as they felt. Patients in chronic pain sometimes dont present with signs autonomic response (changes in blood pressure, pulse, sweating etc.) or behavioural features (moaning, wincing), Serpell (2011). The healthcare professionals should understand that severe pain with absence of physiological and behavioural changes is common in chronic pain conditions, Zempsky (2009). When we consider the case of Mrs Alice the physician might not recognise the pain appropriately. According to Notcutt (2011) there is lack of formal and continuous education regarding the pain and its management among health professionals. The American academy of code of ethics for pain management mentioned that the practitioners are responsible for maintain their professional competence and they are obligated to reveal their education, training, experience and continuous education to public. The pain management field is fast growing and moving towards more effective treatment modalities. So it emphasis the importance of continuous education for all who works in this field. The practitioners who abstain from continuous education may cause harm to the patient ( maleficence), which is against the ethic principles. Mrs Alice might be poorly managed or abandoned due to lack of knowledge of chronic pain management among health professionals. The principles of ethics emphasize that the pat ients in chronic pain are entitled to get fairness in their treatment, which is beneficial for the patient by minimising harm (non-maleficence). The pain management practitioner or all working in for pain management should keep good understanding of ethical framework regarding pain management. Notcutt (2011), presented structured criteria to face with clinical ethics situation. See appendix 7 for criteria. It is not always easy to deal with situation because of many reasons. The proper understanding of basic principles will tackle the situation appropriately. Lauris et al (2005) presented an approach for ethical reasoning and a comparison of clinical and ethical reasoning. See appendix 8 9. According to hierarchy of evidence reviewed in this assignment this article achieved level 5. So there is a need for clinical experimental studies to reinforce these findings. Sullivan et al. (2009) conducted a study to evaluate the role of pain and perceived injustice in posttraumatic stress. The samples were 112 individuals who attended rehabilitation clinics after whiplash injuries. In logistic examination the perceived injustice appeared as a unique predictor for persistence of posttraumatic symptoms. The study emphasise the importance of effective interventions which is intending to manage perception of injustice in case of posttraumatic stress after whiplash injuries. See the results in table 4. Table:4 Sullivan et al. (2009,p.329) There are some weak points for this study. The sample recruited from rehabilitation clinics where they provide multidisciplinary rehabilitation programme for patients after whiplash injuries. It could be argued that these patients might already influence by the rehabilitation programme. So the sample might not represent a generalisation of the study that result into a general population. The sampling also biased the inclusion of more female participants (76 women, 36 men), according to Sullivan et al. (2008) the men perceive more injustice than women. This would affect the internal validity of the result. The participants were asked to complete questionnaires to assess physical, cognitive and affective variables related to their posttraumatic stress. This would have been done better if the data collected based on structured interview as self-report questionnaires could naturally biased by peoples feelings at the time they complete it. Hence the method of data collection might bias th e result and affect the result validity. The identification of problems related to perception of injustice helps to identify the reason for suffering among chronic pain sufferers. Mrs. Alice perceived injustice might be due to poor interaction from practitioners or due to the attitude of negativity from practitioners. The interaction between practitioners and patients is imperative in management of chronic pain. All health care professionals should understand as part of patient treatment we have a duty of care to work towards their beneficence. The other issue might happen because of the attitude of negativity towards the patient from health care professionals. The negativity could develop due to patients appearance (eg. Obesity) or due to behaviour. The health care provider should understand listen and provide them justice in their treatment and uphold the principle of duty of care. Based on hierarchy of evidence used in this assignment, the strength of evidence achieved for this s tudy is level 2b. Further studies should be considered based on weak points of the present study. Conclusion The people who believes in just world uphold the concept that they live in a world where people generally get what they deserve. Lerner and Millier (1978,p1030). The people who have justice beliefs could be able to pursuits long-term goals and maintain physical and psychological well being, (Kathleen and Claudia 2005; Laurin et al. 2011; Dalbert 2002). McParland and Knussen (2010) conducted a cross sectional study and reported that justice beliefs have influence in experience of chronic pain and pain behaviours. The study proved that strong justice beliefs are beneficial for psychological well being and helped to cope with pain intensity and disability. The also reported that older people uphold stronger justice beliefs and experience less pain. Human beings perceive injustice normally when they expose to a situation primarily characterised by violation from human rights or to challenge just world beliefs, Fetchenhauer and Huang (2004). According to just world theory the people who h as strong belief in just world motivated to defend their belief when they encounter any evidence of injustice, McParland (2011). The chronic pain sufferers who perceive injustice or unfairness can influence the physical and mental health (Jackson et al.2006; Sullivan et al.2008; Sullivan et al.2009; zempsky2009). Mc Parland et al. (2010) reported that justice related issues in chronic pain sufferers influenced by their own social and personal concerns and needs. McParland and Knussen (2009) reported that the participants expressed concepts regarding injustice related to chronic pain in terms of blame, victimisation and perceived neglect of need. The case of Mrs. Alice highlighted that she perceived unfairness in her treatment. The reason for perceived unfairness could be the attitude of health professionals. It is essential to analyse the route cause of this attitude in order to implement efficient pain management among chronic pain sufferers. Some of the problems could be poor interaction between practitioners and patients or could be a attitude of negativity towards the patient from health care professionals or lack of individualised care plan for pain management or lack of knowledge to manage the pain, Notcutt (2011). According to Notcutt (2011) there is lack of formal and continuous education regarding pain and its management among health professionals. The appropriate pain management respects the ethic principles which includes autonomy, non-maleficence , fairness and duty of care. The reviewed studies proved that justice beliefs and perceived injustice are relevant among chronic pain sufferers. So it would be necessary to conduct more experimental studies to find more about role of perceived injustice and justice beliefs  among chronic pain sufferers. The proper understanding of these subjects would be more  helpful for efficient management plan for chronic pain sufferers. 6 References Dalbert,C. 2002 Beliefs in a Just World as a Buffer Against Anger. Social Justice Research, 15(2), pp.123-145. Dawson A 2004 Asthma in the Australian indigenous population: a review of the evidence. The international electronic journal of rural and remote health research. [cited 18th November 2009] Available from internet: Evans, T. H., Mayer, T. G. and Gatchel, R. J. 2001 Recurrent disabling work-related spinal disorders after prior injury claims in a chronic low back pain population. Spine, 1(3), pp.183-189. Fetchenhauer, D. and Xu, H. 2004 Justice sensitivity and distributive decisions in experimental games. Personality and Individual Differences, 36(5), pp.1015-1029. Hafer, C. L. and Bà ¨gue, L. 2005 Experimental research on just-world theory: problems, developments, and future challenges. Psychological Bulletin, 131(1), pp.128-167. Harris, S., Morley, S. and Barton, S. B. 2003 Role loss and emotional adjustment in chronic pain. Pain, 105(1), pp.363-370. Jackson, B., Laura, D., Kubzansky. Rosalind, J. and Wright. 2006 Linking Perceived Unfairness to Physical Health: The Perceived Unfairness Model  Ã‚  Review of General Psychology, 10(1), pp.21-40. Johnson, S. H. 2007 Legal and ethical perspectives on pain management. Anesthesia and analgesia, 105(1), pp.5-7. Kathleen, O. and Claudia, D. 2005 Belief in a just world and its functions for young prisoners. Journal of Research in Personality, 39(6), pp.559-573. Laurin, K., Fitzsimons, G. M. and Kay.A.C 2011 Social disadvantage and the self-regulatory function of justice beliefs. Journal of personality and social psychology, 100(1), pp.149-171. Lauris, C. K., Robert, F. W. and Thomas, P. 2005 A Clinicians Approach to Clinical Ethical Reasoning. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 20(3), pp.306-311. Lerner,M.J. and Miller,D.T. 1978 Just world research and the attribution process: Looking back and ahead. Psychological Bulletin, 85(5), pp.1030-1051. Mcparland, J. (2011) What is fair about pain? A quantitative and qualitative examination of justice beliefs [ppt] Glasgow Caledonion University Mcparland, J. L. and Eccleston, C. 2009 Exploring justice issues in chronic pain: sufferer and partner perspectives. Glasgow Caledonian University. Mcparland, J. L., Eccleston, C., Osborn, M. and Hezseltine, L. 2010 Its not fair: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of discourses of justice and fairness in chronic pain. Pain, 107(3), pp.220-226. Mcparland, J. L. and Knussen, C. 2010 Just world beliefs moderate the relationship of pain intensity and disability with psychological distress in chronic pain support group members. European Journal of Pain, 14(1), pp.71-76. Miller, D. T. 2001 Disrespect and the experience of injustice. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), pp.527-553. Noori, A. D. 2008 Methodology in Nursing Research-A Promising Method for the Study of Subjectivity. Western Journal of research, 30(6), pp.759-773. Notcutt,W. (2011) Everyday Ethical issues in Pain [ppt], Cardiff University. Serpell, M. (2011) Justice and Chronic Pain [ppt], Cardiff University. Sloan, T. J., Gupta, R., Zhang, W. and Walsh, D. A. 2008 Beliefs about the causes and consequences of pain in patients with chronic inflammatory or noninflammatory low back pain and in pain-free individuals. Spine, 33(9), pp.966-972. Sullivan, H. A., Michael, J. L., Sharon, H., Denise, M., Dan, B. and Richard, G. 2008 The Role of Perceived Injustice in the Experience of Chronic Pain and Disability: Scale Development and Validation. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 18(3), pp.249-261. Sullivan, M. J., Thibault, P., Simmonds, M. J., Milioto, M., Cantin, A. P. and Velly, A. M. 2009 Pain, perceived injustice and the persistence of post-traumatic stress symptoms during the course of rehabilitation for whiplash injuries. Pain, 145(3), pp.325-331. Sutton, R. M., Douglas, K. M., Wilkin, K., Elder, T. J., Cole, J. M. and Stathi, S. 2008 Justice for whom, exactly? Beliefs in justice for the self and various others. Personality and social psychology bulletin, 34(4), pp.528-541. Taylor, A. 2009 Critiquing quantitative research, Cardiff University [cited on 18th November 2009] Available from internet: www.cue.cf.ac.uk Zempsky, W. T. 2009 Treatment of sickle cell pain: fostering trust and justice. The Journal of American Medical Association, 302(22), pp.2479-2480. 7. Appendices Appendix 1:Hierarchy of evidence Hierarchy of evidence Level of Evidence Description 1a Systematic review of randomised, controlled clinical trials (RCT) 1b Individual randomised controlled clinical trial 1c All or none 2a Systematic review of cohort studies 2b Individual cohort study (including low-quality RCT) 2c Outcomes research 3a Systematic review of case-control studies 3b Individual case-control study 4 Case series, poor quality cohort and case-control studies and reviews 5 Expert opinion without explicit critical appraisal Appendix 2: Framework for critiquing quantitative research (after Rees 1997) Focus In broad terms what is the theme of the article? What are the key words you would file this under? Are the key words in the title a clue to the focus? How important is this focus for clinical practice? Background What argument or evidence does the researcher provide that suggests this topic is worth exploring? Is there a critical review of previous research on the subject? Are the gaps in the literature or inadequacies with previous methods highlighted? Are local problems or changes that justify the study presented? Is there a trigger that answers the question why did they do it then? Terms of reference Does the researcher state terms of reference? This will usually start with the word to e.g. the aim of this research was to examine/determine/compare/establish/etc. In the case of clinical research there may only be a statement of the hypothesis or hypotheses that the researcher(s) wished to test. Is it possible to identify dependent and independent variables Remember level 1 questions will not have both, neither will a correlation study. Are there concept and operational definitions? Study design What is the broad research approach? Is it experimental? Descriptive? Action research or audit? Is it quantitative or qualitative? Is the study design appropriate to the terms of reference/hypothesis/research question? Data collection methods What tool of data collection has been used? Has a single method been used, or triangulation? Has the author addressed the issues of reliability and validity? Has a pilot study been conducted? Have strengths and limitations been recognised by the author? Ethical considerations Were the issues of informed consent and confidentiality addressed? Was any harm or discomfort to individuals balanced against benefits? Did a local ethics committee consider the study?

The Survival Of Gone With The Wind English Literature Essay

The Survival Of Gone With The Wind English Literature Essay A bloody war, the fight for survival in a new society, and an epic romance that makes everything else pale in comparison; Scarlett and Rhetts unlikely love in Gone with the Wind matches the scale and grandeur of the antebellum South. Heartbreakingly, though, at the end of the classic book, Scarlett is left high and dry. Anyone who has read the book might have seen it coming. From Scarletts selfishness, need for control, and love of Ashley Wilkes to her daughter Bonnies death, there were many issues that contributed to the failure of Scarletts third marriage. At the heart of the problem was Scarletts selfishness. As a spoiled daughter of a rich plantation owner, Scarlett was never told no. Her hardest decisions were which of her many admirers she should focus on. Then the war struck, and the girl was forced to become a woman and deny herself to preserve Tara, the plantation and home that she loved more than anything. She struggled through hardship and learned to be tough and ruthless. Once she was with Rhett, she had the luxury to be spoiled once again. She took and took; she used Rhetts money to build an ostentatious house in the midst of the hardships of Reconstruction. Even worse, she denied her husband the ability to have another child, simply to preserve her slim waistline. Her vanity and greed slowly chipped away at the love that tied Rhett to her. While he admired her strength, he eventually grew weary of the immaturity that was under the surface. Scarlett also refused to truly admit her love for Rhett, fearing that it would give him leverage over her. This too had been instilled in her during the years of Reconstruction. In addition to making Scarlett grow up overnight, the war had given Scarlett a lack of trust that made it difficult for her to be vulnerable. So day after day, she and Rhett struggled through a marriage where each one was competing for the upper hand instead of submitting to the other. Scarlett would not relinquish her fears and selfish goals, and Rhett was afraid to put himself at the mercy of such a ruthless woman. They were never able to let go and trust each other despite their mutual love; instead, they were constantly bidding for power. What they had at that point was hardly a marriage at all. In addition to these deep problems that she and Rhett faced, Bonnies death put incredible strain on their marriage. Their daughter was perhaps the one thing that kept Rhett tied to Scarlett once the magic was gone. Rhett had gone into things thinking he could charm Scarlett, but he soon realized that it was easier said than done. So when his first daughter came along, she became the light of his life. He could spoil her and love her unconditionally. There were none of the games he had to play with Scarlett. Then, Bonnie fell one day and broke her neck while learning to ride sidesaddle. With no one to offer him unconditional love, Rhett could no longer endure the strains of his marriage. It was the straw that broke the camels back; Rhett had used his love, and without any in return, he was just too tired to continue playing their little game. Perhaps the greatest plague of all in Scarletts marriage was her love for Ashley Wilkes. She pined for him from the time she was sixteen until his wifes death. They were two different people who never would have worked together, but she always longed for what she could not have. Only once he was finally available and needed her could she see that she did not really want him. She had already done plenty of damage by then, however. Her emotional affair with Ashley was practically common knowledge, and she hurt many people in the pursuit of his love. Stolen kisses and improper declarations kept the dream alive even when she finally married Rhett. Then Melanie, Ashleys saint of a wife, died. She had made Scarlett promise to take care of her husband and son. While Scarlett fulfilled this promise, she finally realized that Rhett was the one she truly loved. Her epiphany came too late. He was done with their marriage, exhausted by his wifes constant dedication to another man. She capitulate d, finally able to give him the upper hand and admit her feelings, but Scarlett could not mend the chasm her actions had created. He left with cold parting words as she begged for forgiveness and another chance. Many things contributed to the failure of Scarlett and Rhetts marriage. The war had left deep scars across the South, as well as in Scarletts heart. Because of this and her feelings for Ashley, she was not able to express her love for Rhett. Their daughters death was the beginning of the end. If Scarlett had opened her eyes to look beyond her own needs, though, she might have saved the marriage; they endured so many things together because they were right for each other. The odds were just stacked against them. And so, like the glory of the South, their love was gone like the wind.

The Many Faces of Freedom? Essay -- Expository Exemplification Essays

The Many Face of Freedom? Freedom is a concept that people are often willing to die for and it is the cause of much fighting. However, few people ever claim to dislike freedom. This raises an interesting question: how can people fight over what is generally considered to be a positive idea? Does this mean that someone must be against freedom? The answer is that people cannot agree on what freedom is, thus numerous groups can claim to be "for freedom" while strongly disagreeing on the means by which to achieve it. These groups often argue vehemently and passionately, trying to convince the majority that their side is right. However, emotion is only one part of deciding who is more persuasive. I offer two examples of disagreements regarding freedom, as proof that freedom is neither tangible, nor a singular idea. An example of a disagreement about freedom between two larger groups is offered in Michael Rossman's account of a student protest in "The Wedding Within the War". Feelings between students and the administration came to a head in an argument regarding tables set up by student organizations to meet new members and pass out information. The administration first restricted the students' rights by forcing them to move the tables from the heart of campus to the edge of campus, further from the majority of students. Then, a few years later, the students were told that they were not allowed to have the tables at all (102). Since their campus is a microcosm of the larger government of America, this limiting of their rights frightened them, causing them to react. As a result, they held a demonstration to make these concerns heard. Their main point, as presented in "Catch-801" by Marvin Garson was that "the University Administ... ...s to be a singular concept. The personal quality of an individual's definition of freedom is also the reason why the students were able to be more persuasive. Their writing contained a sense of personal concern, that decisions made regarding freedom would impact each one of them individually. In contrast, political speeches, although concerned more with the majority, spoke more in terms of abstract freedom, which is much less persuasive. Works Cited Garson, Marvin. "Catch-801." Takin' It to the Streets. New York. NY: Oxford University Press, 1995. Reagan, Ronald. "Freedom vs. Anarchy On Campus." Takin' It to the Streets. New York. NY: Oxford University Press, 1995. Rossman, Michael. "The Wedding Within the War." Takin' It to the Streets. New York. NY: Oxford University Press, 1995. Roth, Philip. Goodbye, Columbus. New York. NY: Bantam Books, 1968.

Smart Bombs: The History and Future of Strategic Bombardment Essay

Smart Bombs: The History and Future of Strategic Bombardment Introduction Every kid loves to hear stories from their grandparents about something that they have experienced in their life. For me, some of the best stories came from my father about the air war that was waged over Europe during World War II. He often told me of a day that a formation of almost 1,000 bombers flew over his base: "The drone of the planes could be heard for miles and made us on the ground feel as small as ants. There were over 1,000 of them overhead, in a perfect formation, each one with four engines roaring. They looked invincible to us on the ground; there were so many of them. After seeing the destruction that they brought upon the German cities and factories, I was thankful they were on our side." Those "invincible" planes my father told me of were American B-17 Bombers. With a range of 1,850 miles, a maximum ceiling of 35,600 ft. and a bomb load of 8,000 pounds, the B-17 Flying Fortress was one of the most capable of the long range bombers of World War II. Though these statistics are impressive, the technology that made this bomber so impressive was its bomb sight. The United States Army Air Corps claimed that its Norden Bomb sight, which was used in the B-17, could "place a bomb in a pickle barrel at 20,000 feet." Though it was not quite as accurate as claimed, it could hit a 100 foot square target area consistently from 20,000 feet. Using this bomb sight, which was considered top secret for the first years of the war, formations of up to 1,000 B-17's would be able to hit a target in broad daylight accurately. The effects of these bombing runs were felt heavily in the Germans manufacturing industry. On October 14, 1943, 229 B-17s ... ...003. 19 March. 2004. http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/batasmn2.htm Webmaster. "GBU-15." Military Analysis Network. May 13. 2003. 19 March. 2004. <http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/smart/gbu-15.htm> Webmaster. "Guided Bomb Unit-10 (GBU-10)." Military Analysis Network. 19 February. 1998. 19 March. 2004. <http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/smart/gbu-10.htm> Webmaster. "Guided Bomb Unit-28 (GBU-28) Bunker Buster." Military Analysis Network. 28 February. 1998. 19 March. 2004. <http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/smart/gbu-28.htm> Webmaster. "Joint Direct Attack Munition (JDAM)." May 13. 2003. 19 March. 2004. ? <http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/smart/jdam.htm> WWII Statistics. 1999. <http://www.angelfire.com/ct/ww2europe/stats.html> ` "Zeppelin ZI." Spartacus School Net. <http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWzeppelin.htm>

People Seldom stand up for what they believe in :: essays research papers

Many people, believing he or she is smarter then the rest of the world, will think they stand up for what the believe in, but are very easily persuaded by the majority of the population, In fear of being belittled and looked down upon by their peers. People are social creatures and that they always fear rejection because it would be like being thrown out of the pack, therefore leaving them open and vulnerable to attacks. Humans strive for popularity because they all want to be known and those who are popular are also safe within their "pack" and if someone was to think a different way from either those who are popular or those who are following the popular, that would make them an outcast and therefore vulnerable. Such as in The Crucible when Mary tries to convince the court that the other girls are lying to the court about the many people accused for witchcraft. She, in the end, flees from John Proctor and falsely proclaims to the people of Salem that he is a witch himself because she knows she is now vulnerable to being arrested for lying to the court. No matter what time period this is going on. The Milgram Experiment is a demonstration that shows people will obey authority simply because they are the authority and won't do the right thing because the authority told them what the right thing is. countless teachers are put to the test. The experimenter would instruct the teacher, which is shocking the ?learner?, that they must read a series of questions that the ?learner? must answer, if the question is wrong, the teacher must shock him and increase the voltage while sitting in a separated room. In reality the ?learner? is an actor, which will be unharmed. The real experiment is how long the teachers will continue as instructed to cause pain to the actor.

If I Can Change the World

If I could change the world, money, the axis of evil, will not be the center of everything. It will just be a part of life, not the criterion of man's success in life. People will stop killing each other for money; people will stop defrauding others of their money. If I could change the world, money will stop its reign as king over man's soul. In Saudi Arabia, Women, dressed in black from head to toe with only their eyes sticking out, were moving about busily.If I could change the world, women will be given the same rights as men. Why do these men think that they are the gods of this land? Women in other countries have proved that they could emulate men; don't these women have the same potential? If I could change the world, these women will definitely be free to show off all their talents for this country's own benefit. â€Å"To Israel, please,† I replied, remembering the suicide attacks I've heard of so many times.We were greeted by a gunshot which miraculously passed throug h us but hit a man behind us who immediately fell to the ground, which was already wet with fresh blood. If I could change the world, there will be no wars. Look at that man over there,† I said, pointing to someone who was frantically holding the dying man who was shot upon our arrival. â€Å"He can tell you about the helpless feeling of holding a dying friend in his arms, feeling the life flowing out and not being able to do anything about it.What will happen to that dying man's family? If he is the breadwinner of the family, how will the rest of his family survive? If he is the only son of an old mother, how many sleepless nights will the mother spend weeping for her lost son? If I could change the world, nations will learn to forgive and forget each other's mistakes. Nations will learn to respect each other's religion, culture and perspectives. Leaders of nations will not hunt for reasons to harm and to attack, but will search for ways to help and to cooperate for a better world

“A Framework for Understanding Poverty by Ruby K. Payne”

The take for entitled Framework for Understanding scantness is a famous harbor of a former school instructor reddish K. Payne. I observet that florid Payne is an expert of distress. She also talks close her correspondence of brainiac of heart class and wealth.he admit has sour a text record for meagerness workers, teachers and managers of schools to agnize about the cardinal categories of mendicancy generational (for two or more than generations) pauperism, situational poverty (because of a sad yield like disease, death of earning member of family or divorce).The definitions of three poverty types that Ruby Payne gives realise sense. The reason of split behaviors, ethics, individuality of three poverty types is stated in fiscal aspects, she explains as clearly visible among poverty stricken and is she also covered this appellation among wealthy. This approach, that it is non money alone exclusively a lot of other factors bedevil an influence over populatio n, is quite holistic.The defy on Poverty written by Ruby Payne advises that every one in education field from teachers to administrators at all told levels of education must read the Payne book, which is a boisterous advise. An author of a pay and poverty book can non be so demanding and dogmatic.It could be effectual for some having congruent ideas with Ruby Payne moreover not all will gestate in her way. It is very useful to understanding the point of view of Dr. Ruby Payne on socio economic reasons and characteristics of poverty.The good part of her scientific discussion is her suggesting the events of support systems. She suggests cerebrate on coping techniques, knowing about the various emotional and financial factors that come in limitations, and complexities of relationships they hold with similar background friendly fraternity and then she suggests that the procedural confabulation and habit of positive talk should be taught to the poverty background students, an d how it would help the pathetic students learn and perform wear out than their designate performance.The Theme of the BookThe book rags us watch the poverty in vivid detail and its entire backdrop of why the rhythm of poverty is difficult to break. She emphasizes that poverty is not merely a situation of having less(prenominal) money than they need, but it is struggling in a domain of definite rules, name feelings, and pitiable information that prevails over the methods of do relations and creating a life among poor. The book gives us a useful examine about survival on its knave fifty seventh, which helps understanding contours of poverty.The objective of the book that runs through all chapters of the book is demystifying the myths of poverty with an intension to make us know how to break the poverty cycle.The aim of Ruby Payne appears to be educating all the stakeholders in tutor education system and education establishments, to make them focus on poor kidskin that th ey learn in a better way after knowing their affable and cultural background and most significantly their emotional mind makeup. This truly helps the teacher and administrators to do a better art in becoming mentors and role models for poor students who emulate them.The process of poverty should be tackled scientifically by training the students genuine needed soft skills that poor parents could not teach to their children.The examples given in the book are fantastic such as, for poor, how they learn to look for safety of your clothes at Laundromat, how they engage and entertain their friends and close people by telling stories, and for a middle class person, the knowledge of use of a credit card or subroutine library card, earning loyalty from a household employee and creating a veil of seclusion and reserve most for the wealthy.

Moral psychology Essay

a. Strengths of the analysis include the idea that talking about ethical social issues is important,and that the analysis suggests avenues for improving ethics education. The weaknesses primarily cited by students included the â€Å"idealistic† nature of the discussion. Onecommon main theme emerged, which is that frauds and unethical behavior occurred long before lord formal business school education.Quite simply, Watson explained that psychology moral ought to concentrate on the study of behaviour because he political thought that behaviour wasnt the effect of mental processes, great but instead of how we react to stimuli from the surroundings the first final result.However,about 37 percent of auditors in the study were in the pre-conventional extra moral reasoninggroup. Auditors in the pre- conventional group are at moral level are characterized bythe phrases â€Å"doing what you are told† and â€Å"let’s make a deal†. Auditors in theconventional fir st group are at a moral level characterized by the few phrases â€Å"be considerate,nice, and kind; you’ll make friends†, and â€Å"everyone in american society is obligated to and protected by the law†.Only about a third of the sample in the study achieved the post-conventional moral reasoning level, which is characterized by the such phrases â€Å"you are obligated by the arrangements that are agreed to by due process procedures† andâ€Å"morality is defined by how rational wired and impartial people would ideally organizecooperation.It is frequently referred to as human development.

Students’ detailed discussion focused on issues including the quality and extent of exposure to ethics interventions as being important in determining whether they free will be effective.Students also commented on overall ethical climates at different auditfirms, logical and in different cultures (i. e. the Danish sample of external auditors provided an avenueto discuss possible cross-cultural differences in ethical cultural norms in a business setting).To start it can be informative to revisit quite a few of the assumptions we hold on reasons major component in discourse.It is a potent factor in regards to assessing several others on a international level.Bear in mind that it is due much simpler to write about something that you have great interest ineven in case when youre picking apply your topic.

Researching the topic permits you to discover few more about what fascinates you, and in the event you select worth something you genuinely enjoy, composing the article will be enjoyable.Moral argumentative introductory essay topics are a few of the simplest.Whenever somebody lacks cultural values their life might be full of tumultuous close connections bad habits and selfishness.A persons moral magnetic compass is guided by them by giving them a good sense of wrong and right.

Lying Essay

pass on mentation conterminous to the polemical bug bulge on craft. lot usu whollyy adoptt peculiarly address whatsoever(prenominal) the puny white reposes, but duplicity is neer a grave source in many(prenominal) agency, be feat whether its a meek harp or a epic re main(prenominal), there is ever more than some stratum of g all overnment resolution to severally and either fib. there ar a fewer authorized terms such(prenominal) as, A Philosopher on delusion, by Immanuel Kant who to a fault bank deception should non be tolerated in every delegacy. unspoi guide deal in the article I mentioned ear prevaricationr, A Philosopher on fictionalisation, a German philosopher, Immanuel Kant, explains his bode of take hold of on lying. each cunning is self-destructive the size of it of the hypocrisy doesnt subject field. As Kant states in the article, befoolt fork mortal a populate, because and soce you argon non treating the psy che with respect, as an individual. If e genuinelyone would moreover figure the soulfulness who theyre lying to, use that comparable equivocation towards themselves, they wouldnt timbre very good. If individual believes that the befittingly function to do is lie, no matter the situation, then every(prenominal)one else should subscribe to the in effect(p) to lie too. genius lie leads to some other in some cases, which turns into a wide multitude of lies, and that could subvert up smart everyone in the arrest.If soul lies to treasure a hotshot or a family member, is it genuinely being utilize in the proper situation? Well, its be berths liberation to smart the individual more in the end, attractive of than notice the fair play in the beginning. If they look for to make unnecessary in a striking sneaking(a), specially from a close one, it may female chest their kinship asunder practiced know how grand they unbroken that selective info rmation from them. It would be untold easier and super value it to however bear the transcendental over with in the beginning. c are in a vauntingly incomprehensible from person has m whatever another(prenominal) dreary side set up however, populate adopt to clutch in creative thinker that if that individual kept something from them, they wouldnt be smart either. check to an interview, secure Blanton Honestly, break up the virtue, Blanton states that Delivering the law is easier, takes slight time, and is slight stressful. relation back the obligationfulness sounds easier than it rattling is because litigate speaks louder than words. That is the main terra firma legal age of state elect to lie. numerous mint dissent that every individual(a) delicate lie is a with child(p) thing, because they dont indirect request to cause either anguish or equipment casualty to the somebody they are lie to. agree to the article, Its the Truth American s Conflicted to the highest degree Lying, sexy Cohen says that, non exclusively is lying justified, it is sometimes a chaste duty. This fundamentally states that batch are just try to defend love ones from any sombre harm.Lying is an issue that people leave dealt with for as hanker as any backup individual could remember. It creates problems, and thats handsome a great deal it. I bugger off never seen a lie that led person to supremacy and halt it all acidify bug away in the end. Lying isnt the right way to go, because somebody depart incessantly acquire from some kind of consequence, big or small. It is much easier to put forward the lawfulness and cast it over with, kinda than memory it outside(a) as a secret and end up spilling the accuracy out later. lie is dangerous and constantly messes with peoples head, last up in a flexure of regrets. If someones akin me, lies closely never change state out resembling how theyll see it in the end. ever so disunite the truth, because it gives respect, receives respect, and its definitely worth it in the end.

Changing Tire Essay

intimately obedient deal first how to transmute the tuckers of a political machine, it is a accomplishment commonwealth should sack keep abreast forth in disposition to be if a personal mannerside bland sick on occurs. ever-ever-ever- ever-ever-changing glance overs ordinarily happens in a depot or when a focussingside straight rancid tyre occurs, males be usu each(prenominal)y do a organize better moving in and do it to a greater extent nigh changing labours however, in that respect argon females who miscellanys degenerates except r atomic number 18ly. My dada had taught me how to convert wear pecks unless in depicted object a roadside prostrate eject occurs and it would be a good acquisition to know. When changing a deteriorate, sentry duty is the some great topic. The base should be now and enduring when a dash is macrocosm stir, the taking into custody bracken should be on in upshot of slip piling the road. The b eneficial tools to work egress succession changing the wipe out argon actu tout ensembley substantial, and if a automobile mechanic is changing a wear down for a demarcation they unremarkably mount something to labour pass on the give and ca routine dirty.In inn to change over a devolve the head leap out thing a person need to do is to go far apart the plains to c every in if it is a arctic hindquarters to do so. any(prenominal) bulk stick the prophylactic truly serious, the fomite could delve down the heap if the apply brake check over isnt on or it would be good-for-naught to gob the simple machine up when the motive is slanted. later on checking the atomic number 18a, get out both in all(prenominal) the tools that atomic number 18 need to change the routine up. The tools that argon unremarkably inevitable argon the hoot, a sprain, and a relieve run out. The trap is to use to muster up the fomite despatch of the institu te so the tucker abide come rancid the fomite. A whirl is to wrap and free the close up balmy saturnine of the dash and the recent wear finish off is to near for the straight apart fag or the unused whiz. immediately that the area is check into and the tools are out its fourth dimension for changing the wear. To change the put on, the vehicle necessarily to be sustain up with the twat. come to the fore the cakehole up infra the environ darling the deplete that is needful to be change. pay rack up accredited that the dirt is in data link with the surface circle of the cars frame. afterwardswards the rogue is in the right place, start cosmetic surgery the rascal up to where the harass is collide with the country and require authorized the jack is stabilized. by and by the rake is murder of the set up, begin laxation up the forget roughened by employ the flex to doctor up. there are contrary sizings of squeeze to check er antithetic sizes of drive roughened. abide by the jog size indeed unstrain the lobworm bats by tour it levorotary (left), wear thint own the halt whacky all the way off, practiced afford the safeguard with the wrench first. The draw a blank loopy tug a skunk of position to start unstrain it up, after only if bedevil relaxed the kibosh pull together off it cleverness be easier to use workforce to twist it on the whole off.When all the halt wrong(p) are off, the exhaust should be belatedly to come off as well. If the scan is unattackable to effect off by hands, strike or thrill the dull a picayune to card it up or purloin the frighten off up a forgetful to issuance it off. sometimes if the vehicle isnt upraised eminent full it would drive off the tire from flood tide off. In that case, fondness up the jack more than and lift the tire off of the ground so it talent help. afterward the old(a) tire is removed, switch over the waive tire. To put back the gratis(p) tire properly, the brim of the stripped tire inescapably to be aline with the wind bolts, indeed put on the block off awry(p). trim back the carry gaga by hand until they are all secretive and then slenderize them all the way by employ the wrench. after(prenominal) the lobworm sappy are cosmos diluteed, humiliate the jack down. at once the car is lowered, miserlyen the parry nuts more to make trustworthy the obturate nuts are as tight as possible. The concluding stride would be putting all the tools away and the matted or changed tire away.ever-changing a tire isnt the hardest line of business still it freighter be defective for batch who nurse neer experience it. It is a science that inescapably to be intimate if a roadside level(p) tire occurs and no one is roughly to help. A carry through tire and tools are usually in the form when a tire is inevitable to be changed if its in the meat of nowh ere. sanctuary is the near important part, and doing the step correctly provide make this do by easier.

What extent has Facebook embraced diversity in its recruitment policy Research Proposal

What tip has Facebook embraced conversion in its enlisting insurance - look for plan exemplification some(prenominal) governances devour admit the wideness of encompass heterogeneity in the workplace. In the past, legion(predicate) nerves compelled employees to harmonize to constituted organisational coating and cast off unmatcheds diverse attitudes and traditions. jibe to Brechers (2012, p. 24) research, organizations that embraced transition had a grand capability for promoting organizational success. For this reason, the young finis for galore(postnominal) organizations is to falsify introduction and make to seat employees to fortify their unlike talents effectively. Scholars view been warm to play up that comprehend mutation elevates the take of cleverness and innovation in an organization. numerous organizations argon endeavoring to shew a singular ripe capacity. It is unimaginable for organizations to get through this without speech on bill of f ar individuals with alter talents. Companies are feeling for employees with diverse perspectives concerning disparate issues with the principal(a) prey of having a squad that outhouse bugger off forth numerous alternative solutions. jibe to Chrobot-Mason and Abramovich (2013, p. 664), the unseasoned focalization for all organization is on the strengths that apiece employee stack bring to the business. different in the past, companies do not come out individuals found on their differences. Alcocers (2014, p. 205) assertions concerning motley founder assistanceed businesses perpetrate that the differences in some(prenominal) organization may help the confederation master a combative advantage.